Elevated railroad and bridge



(No ModeL) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

F. SOHMEMANN.

v ELEVATED RAILROAD AND BRIDGE. No. 314,728, Patented Mar. 31, 1885.

(No ModeL') 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. F. SOHMEMANN. ELEVATED RAILROAD ANDBRIDGE.

Patented Mar, 31, 1885.

WITNE ES:

&

3NVENTOR:

llniirn STATES Arnn r @rrrcs.

FRIEDRICH SOHMEMANN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELEVATED RAILROAD AND BRIDGE.

SPECIFICATION fOIming part of Letters Patent No. 31%,728, dated March31, 1885.

- Application filed February 28, 1884. (No model.)

sylvania, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Bridges, ElevatedRoads, 810., which improvement is fully set forth in the followingspecification and accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a sideelevation of a bridge embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a transversesection thereof. Fig. 3 is a side elevation, partly sectional, of thelower portion of one of the columns. Fig. 4 is a vertical section ofFig. 3. Fig. 5 is a side elevation, partlyv sectional, of the upperportion of the column. Fig. 6 is a vertical section thereof. Fig. 7 is aside elevation, enlarged, of portion of the reversed arches of thebridge, including por-' tions of the ties thereof in vertical section.Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a top Viewof one of the couplings of the arches. Fig. 10 is a longitudinalvertical section thereof. Fig. 11 is a partial side elevation andpartial vertical section of portion of an auxiliary arch of'the bridge.Fig. 12 is a transverse vertical section thereof. Fig. 13 is a sideelevation, partly sectional, of the roadway and crown of the auxiliaryarch. Fig. 14 is a transverse vertical section of Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is anenlarged view, partly sectional, of a portion of Fig. 2. 1

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalfigures.

My invention consists of a bridge provided with a longitudinal series ofreversed arches intersecting each other between their'ends and united attheir points of intersection.

It further consists in a bridge having reversed arches extending in thetransverse di rection thereof.

Itfurther consistsin a bridge having reversed arches extending in thelongitudinal and transverse directions thereof.

It further consists in a bridge having rcversed arches and auxiliaryarches, both extending in the longitudinal direction thereof,

arranged in series and secured together.

It further consists in a bridge provided with a series of connectedreversed arches and locks and lower arch, and are secured to them.

It further consists in a column consisting of inner pipes and an outerpipe, the latter being screw-threaded for the attachment oflaterallyextending parts.

It further consists in a column provided extend across the space betweeneach upper with a saddle having a convex top, in combination with a bentsleeve fitting on said saddle, a cap which holds said sleeve down on thelatter, and a lower chord, the sections of which are screwed into theends of said tube.

It further consists in a tubular column the lower section of which is incombination with a sleeve which is screwed directly upon it, andprovided with external tenons for receiving the ends of the tubularchords.

It further consists in a bridge having longitudinal and cross chords orarches in reversed order, and connecting-couplings, combined andoperating substantially as hereinafter set forth and cla.med.

It further consists in a bridge having two intersecting chords orarches, in combination with a coupling attached thereto at theirintersection, said coupling being providcdwith external tenons forattaching one chord or arch, a screw-threaded inner portion forattaching the other chord or arch, and tenons which extend inwardly fromsaid outer portion of the coupling nearly to said inner por tionthereof, and serve as braces.

It further consists in an arch-truss consisting of horizontal upperchords formed of tubes attached to a coupling by screw-threads, and alower chord forming an arch, bot-h connected by means of verticalcolumns and screwthreaded hollow tenons, all substantially ashereinafter set forth and claimed.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the columns of the bridge, thesame consisting of a series of tubes inclosed one within the other,resting on a common base, a. The outer tube terminates at top below theroad-bed of the bridge, and is screwthreaded for the connection of asleeve, 13, from which project in lon gitudinal and transversedirections three tenons, B B, the tenons B having fitted to them Resting011 the top of the inner. tubes of a for the same, which consist ofdevices which column is a saddle, D, on which is supported a sleeve, D,to which are screwed the ends of the tension or lower chord, E, ofadjacent spans of the bridge, it now being seen that the two chords Eform reversed arches extending in the longitudinal direction of thestrength is added to the structure.

Surmounting the saddle D is'a cap, D, which is fitted to anupwardly-projecting tubular extension of said saddle, the sleeveD'passing through an opening in said :extension while resting on thesaddle- .Fitted to a tenon, B, and resting thereon, is the transverseupper chord, F, andscrewed to a boss, ,D,which projects downwardly.i'rom' the extended portion of the saddle,isthe transverse lower chord,G, it being noticed that the two chords F'G form reversed archesextendingin the transverse direction of the bridge from each pair ofcolumns. The reversed arches at their intersections, passeach other bymeans of couplings H, to whose ends the arches are connected, thecompressionchord being fitted to tenons onthe outer portionsot' thecouplings,and thetension-chords .being screwed to the inner portions ofsaid couplings, (see Figs. 9 and 10,) the outer por-- tion of thecouplings having withinitbossesv b, which extend inwardly nearly to theinner portionof the coupling, and acting as braces therefor when understrain, thus vastly increasing the strength of the coupling and theability to endure the compression to which it maybe subjected.

The roadway proper is-constructed of a series of four longitudinalsinglejarches, .upon which rest thehorizontal upper chords, which lattercarry the rails or-roadway.

The construction is as follows: Running fromone transverse reversed archF G- to another isa series of arches, K L M, the :successive divisionsof whichare united by couplings N, to the bosses of whichthelengthsconstituting thearches are screwed.

V Rising from the couplings N are bosses which receive looselyuprighttubes carrying on their upper ends Ts orcrosses P,.to-which the uprightsare screwed. Thesecrosses 1? have arms orbosses extending either way inlongitudinal direction of the bridge, and receive,bymeans,0fascrew-thread,the tubes Q, which form the horizontal upper chord. Thecrosses 1 also have bosses extending intransverse-direction to receivetubes for lateral bracing. The couplingsN also have laterallyextendingbosses to receive tubes to brace the arches K L M laterally. If desiredand found essential, the sets .of arches carrying a line of roadwaymaybe laterally braced, similar to the bracingemployed for the architself.

Mounted on'the crosses P, or made integral therewith, are castings,which have a recess, ,0, formed therein to receive a rubber or. similarcushion, R, on which the rails are placed,

if desired. arches reducethe length of thespan onwhich the latter beingsecured in position by means of clamps, which are bolted to thehorizontal upper chord or to the crosses and against the flange of therail. It is evident that at theabutments proper anchorage must beprovided to sustain the tension of the reversed arch or chord E, as wellas proper trussing to brace the column against the action of the chordor arch O. The caps D may be closed at top, or may be arranged toreceive lamps, statuary, or other articles of use or ornamentation, asis evident.

Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the crowns of the main and cross arches orchords are respect- 8o ively connected by means of sleeves O, fittedover the tubes of the main trusses, and secured by a set of rings, G,the cross arches orchords being attached tosaid sleeves byscrew-threads,

as at d,and maybe. connected by cross=braces,

It will'be seen that the, reversed.

the load is acting a distancaequat to thelength from the crossing tocrossing -,point .of the arches, from which points suspension andtruss-9O ing are performed. The longitudinalintermediate single-archtrussesreduce the,load.on; the

main-arch trusses in the .present case {sixtenths, theother four-tenthsgoing directly to .latter is self-regulating in regardto expansion andcontraction by changes, of .temperaturefor the inverted arches. Inthisrespect the longitudinal single-track arches .are provided for by.meansof the lock arrangement in the centers of the trusses.

Thevarious tubes or pipes .employedforthe chords, v8m, are formed ofwroughtironor steel, and the connections or couplings of .caststeel. Thehollow roundshape of the details of construction is employed, owingtobeing perfect for compression and tension, ,first, on

account of the shape of the section in regard to the moment ofresistance, and, next, because there is no cramping of thematerialinfluenced by the changeof temperature. There-.isalso presented theleast possible surface for Windpressure. It will also be seen thatrivets flanges, and .bolts are dispensed with, thus vastly reducing theweight of the structure,

and there is generally a reduction both in Weight and expense of thebridge, besides which the bridge has a light andgracefulap- ,pearance,it being evident that the structure is serviceable .for elevatedrailroads.

I am aware that it is not new to construct a bridge with raised archeson one side and reversed arches on the other, thesearches beingconnected by bars ,or locking-pieces toa-horizontal base.

I am also aware that it is not new ;to con-, struct a bridge with twoparallel reversed arches and an intermediate raised arch, each thecross-arches ofthe main posts, reducing the bridge, and the reversedarches being conthreaded for the attachment of laterally-exnected to theraised arch or arches by interposed braces. v

I am also aware that it is not new to make a bridge with two parallelraised arches and one reversed arch, the lines of the reversed arch andthe upper raised arch intersecting, and these arches being connectedtogether by interposed pieces both between their points of intersectionand beyond the latter. I therefore do not claim any of theseconstructions and combinations of arches and interposed pieces; but,

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A bridge provided with a longitudinal series of reversed arches, O E,intersecting each other between their ends and united at their points ofintersection, substantially as set forth.

2. A bridge having reversed arches extending in the transverse directionthereof, sub stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. Abridge having reversed arches extending in the longitudinal andtransverse direc tions thereof, substantially as and. for thepurpose setforth.

4:. Abridge having reversed arches and auxiliary arches, both extendingin the longitudinal direction thereof, arranged in series and securedtogether, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A bridge provided with a series of corn nected reversed arches andlocks for the same, which consist of devices which extend across thespace between each upper and lower arch, and are secured to them,substantially as set forth.

6. A column consisting of the inner pipes tending parts, substantiallyas set fort-h.

7. A column provided with a saddle, D, having a convex top, incombination with a bent sleeve, D, fitting on said saddle, a cap, D,which'holds said sleeve down on the latter, and the lower chord, E, thesections. of which are screwed into the ends of said tube, substantiallyas set forth,

8. The lower section of a tubular column,

in combination with a sleeve, B, which is screwed directly upon it, andprovided with external tenons, B, for receiving the ends of the tubularchords 0, substantially as set forth.

9. The longitudinal and cross chords or arches in reversed order, asshown, and conneoting couplings, combined and operating substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

10. In a bridge, the combination of two intersecting chords or archeswith a coupling attached thereto at their intersection, said couplingbeing provided'with external tenons for attaching one chord or arch, ascrewthreaded inner portion for attaching the other chord or arch, andtenons b, which extend inwardl y from said outer portion of the couplingnearly to said inner portion thereof, and serve as braces, substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

- 11 An arch-truss consisting of horizontal upper chords formed of tubesattached to a coupling by screw-threads, and a lower chord forming anarch, both connected by means of vertical columns and screw-threadedhollow tenons, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

FR. SOHMEMANN.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. WIEDERSHEIM, A. 1?. GRANT.

I It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 314,728, grantedMarch 31,1885,

for an improvement in Elevated Railroads and Bridges, the name of thepatentee was erroneously Written and printed Friedrich Sohmemann,whereas it should have been Friedrich Schmemann; that the propercorrections have been made in the files and records pertaining to theease in the Patent Office, and should be read in the Letters Patent tomake the same conform thereto.

Signed, oountersigned, and sealed this 16th day of June, A. D. 1885.

[SEAL] n. L. MULDROW,

1 Acting Secretary of the Interior. Gonntersigned M. V. MONTGOMERY,

Commissioner of Patents.

